Journal Series

Overview The human mind is predisposed to seek order and control. We crave structure, predictability, and stability in our lives. Yet, life itself is inherently disorderly. From the chaotic dance of subatomic particles to the unpredictable movements of the stock market, the universe is a place of constant flux and randomness. In this blog, we will explore the concept of inherent disorder and the role it plays in our lives. What is Inherent Disorder? Inherent disorder refers to the natural tendency of complex systems to exhibit randomness, unpredictability, and variability. This concept is prevalent in various scientific fields, including physics, biology, and psychology. It encompasses a wide range of phenomena, from the turbulent flow of fluids to the non-linear dynamics of ecosystems. Inherent disorder is often associated with concepts such as entropy, chaos, and complexity. These terms describe the degree of disorder, randomness, and complexity in a system. Entropy, for example, is

Overview Ophthalmology surgery , also known as eye surgery, is a specialized field of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of eye-related disorders. With advancements in technology, ophthalmology surgery has become more advanced and safer than ever before. In this blog, we'll discuss some of the most common types of ophthalmology surgery, the benefits of these procedures, and what to expect during and after surgery. Common Types of Ophthalmology Surgery Cataract Surgery Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgeries worldwide. It involves removing the natural lens of the eye and replacing it with an artificial lens. This procedure is done to improve vision in patients with cataracts, which are cloudy areas that form in the eye's lens, causing blurry or distorted vision. Refractive Surgery Refractive surgery is done to correct common vision problems, such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. It involves reshaping the

Abstract The potential function of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) in the induction of cadmium (Cd) stress tolerance in cyanobacteria has been well documented in the current work. To examine several physiological and biochemical parameters in this regard, Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena sp. subjected to Cd (6 M) stress were treated with H2O2 and SNP (sodium nitroprusside, NO donor). The results showed that Cd treatment decreased growth, pigment content, photosynthetic oxygen yield, and PS II photochemistry performance (increased energy flux parameters, such as ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, DIo/RC, and Fo/Fv, and decreased chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, such as Po, o, and eo). Similar to how glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity showed a reverse trend, uptake of nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-), as well as the activities of nitrate and ammonia absorbing enzymes as well as carbohydrate content, were all negatively impacted by Cd poisoning. A relatively low dose (1 M) of H

Overview Arthroplasty is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or diseased joint is replaced with an artificial joint, known as a prosthesis. The most common types of arthroplasty are hip and knee replacements, but other joints such as the shoulder, elbow, wrist, ankle, and finger joints can also be replaced. Arthroplasty is typically performed to relieve pain and restore mobility in patients with severe joint damage caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or trauma. The procedure involves removing the damaged joint components and replacing them with a prosthetic joint made of metal, plastic, or ceramic materials. Arthroplasty is a highly effective treatment for joint pain and dysfunction, with most patients experiencing significant improvement in their quality of life after the procedure. Use of Arthroplasty Arthroplasty is commonly used to treat various conditions that affect the joints, including: Osteoarthritis This is a degenerative joint disease that

Introduction The field of medicine is constantly evolving and advancing, with new research being conducted every day to find better treatments, preventions, and cures for diseases. In this blog, we will explore some of the most recent and exciting medical research findings. Immunotherapy Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for cancer. It works by stimulating the body's immune system to attack cancer cells. Recent research has focused on developing more effective immunotherapy drugs, such as combination therapies, which target multiple pathways in the immune system. A recent study found that a combination of two immunotherapy drugs, nivolumab, and ipilimumab, improved survival rates in patients with advanced melanoma. Gene Therapy Gene therapy is a cutting-edge treatment that uses genes to treat or prevent diseases. Recent research has focused on developing new gene therapy techniques that can be used to treat a wide range of diseases. For example, a recent study foun

Introduction The brain is a complex and fascinating organ, responsible for controlling a wide range of bodily functions and behaviors. One of the key components of the brain's communication system is neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons. In this blog post, we'll explore the different types of neurotransmitters, their functions in the brain, and how they can affect our behavior and mental health. What are Neurotransmitters? Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that are released by neurons and travel across the synapse, the gap between two neurons. There are dozens of different types of neurotransmitters, each with their own specific functions and effects on the brain. Some of the most well-known neurotransmitters include: Dopamine Dopamine is often called the "reward" neurotransmitter, as it is involved in feelings of pleasure and motivation.  Serotonin Serotonin is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep.

The Clinical Investigation is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal that provides worldwide distribution of original, distinctive scientific publications based on the many fields of clinical and clinical medicine to discuss a variety of brand-new challenges in Clinical investigation. Therapeutic Trials Clinical Investigation is dedicated to the prompt publication of significant original research in cell biology, case studies, and the application of gastroenterology. These fields are all covered by Clinical Investigation, including Data Management & Software, Oral Investigations, Forensic Medicine, Bioequivalence, Electrophoresis, Electrochemistry, Clinical Sleep Medicine, and Biomedical Research. All submissions will undergo a thorough peer review process that takes into account the level of creativity and the range of reader interest. The journal maintains its scientific value by disseminating the most significant new discoveries across all areas of therapeutic investigat

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are serious health concerns that affect millions of people worldwide. They are often misunderstood, and misinformation can contribute to the spread of these infections. In this blog, we will explore the basics of AIDS and STIs, including their causes, transmission, symptoms, prevention, and the importance of getting tested and seeking proper medical care. What is AIDS? AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and it is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV attacks the immune system, which is responsible for fighting off infections and diseases. Over time, HIV weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and cancers that the body would normally be able to fight off. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, characterized by severe immune system damage and the presence of certain opportunistic infections or cancers. What are STIs? Sexually transm

Overview The peer-reviewed, open-access Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology publishes original research and review articles on all facets of the scientific investigation of environmental chemical and biochemical processes. It is the study of how biological and human activity affects chemical species in the air, soil, and water environments, as well as their sources, processes, motions, results, and fates. chemical species in the surroundings of the air, soil, and water; and how human activities and biological activity affect these. Environmental toxicology is a multidisciplinary branch of research that examines how different chemical, biological, and physical agents harm living things. The Journal publishes papers on a variety of topics related to the chemistry of the environment (air, water, soil, sediments, space, and biota), such as atmospheric chemistry, soil chemistry, climate change, marine chemistry, water chemistry, polar chemistry, fire chemistry, iatrochemistry

Overview The kidneys are two small but vital organs that play an important role in maintaining overall health and wellness. Located on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage, these bean-shaped organs are responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood and excreting them from the body in the form of urine. In addition to their primary function of waste filtration, the kidneys perform several other essential functions that are critical for the proper functioning of the body. One of the key functions of the kidneys is to maintain the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. Electrolytes are minerals that are essential for the proper functioning of the body's cells, nerves, and muscles. The kidneys regulate the balance of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium by filtering and excreting excess electrolytes. This is important because electrolyte imbalances can lead to a range of health problems, including muscle cramps, weakn

Overview Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, is the study of tissues and cells at a microscopic level. This field of study plays a crucial role in medical diagnosis, providing clinicians with important information about the structure and function of tissues and organs. In this blog, we will explore the importance of histology in medical diagnosis and how it helps clinicians to diagnose diseases and develop treatment plans. Histology and Anatomy To understand the importance of histology in medical diagnosis, it is important to first understand the relationship between histology and anatomy. Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, including organs, bones, and muscles. Histology is a subfield of anatomy that focuses on the study of tissues and cells. Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function in the body. For example, muscle tissue is made up of cells that contract and relax to produce movement. Histology provides a detailed understa

You might be hesitant to admit it, but you've probably experienced the unsettling feeling that someone is in the room when you were certain you were alone. Perhaps you are glad to share it with others because it was a significant experience. Or, more likely, it was a combination of the two. Most people find it difficult to comprehend what transpired to them unless they were given an explanation to aid in their processing of the event. Today's study, however, demonstrates that we may use scientific models of the mind, the body, and their interaction to grasp this ethereal experience. An extensive study of the subject was conducted as early as 1894. More than 17,000 persons in the UK, US, and Europe participated in the Census of Hallucinations, which was released by the Society for Psychical Research (SPR). The purpose of the poll was to determine the prevalence of seemingly implausible visitations that predicted death. The SPR found that these occurrences were too frequent to be

A new research article, curated by Dr. Bomidi Sudha Rani, P. Bujjibabu, M. Umamaheswar Rao and Praveen and titled “Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis and its Imaging Spectrum a Prospective Observational and Analytical Study in the Setting of Covid-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Centre, AP, India.”, has been published. Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM) is a potentially fatal fungal infection that commonly affects diabetic and other immunocompromised patients. Necrotizing and Angioinvasive features of this class of pathogenic fungi facilitate the spread from sinuses into orbit and the brain with devastating consequences. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are key to successful treatment. Aims and Objectives This article aims to interpret the findings on CT and MRI in ROCM. The primary objective of this study is to enumerate the imaging findings of all patients presented with Rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis at various stages and to describe the management algorithm. The

Publishing a Manuscript has Several Advantages Dissemination of Knowledge: Publishing a manuscript is an effective way to disseminate research findings and share knowledge with the scientific community. It provides a platform to communicate research findings to a wider audience, allowing others to learn from and build upon the work. Peer-review and Validation: Manuscripts undergo a rigorous peer-review process, where other experts in the field evaluate the research and provide feedback. This process helps to validate the research, ensuring that the findings are credible and reliable. Career Advancement: Publishing manuscripts is often a requirement for academic advancement, including promotions, tenure, and funding opportunities. It demonstrates a researcher's ability to contribute to the scientific community and make significant contributions to the field. Recognition and Impact: Publishing a manuscript can lead to increased visibility and recognition within the scientific com

About The kidneys are two small but mighty organs located on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. These bean-shaped organs are essential for maintaining overall health and wellness by performing several vital functions. The primary function of the kidneys is to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood and excrete them from the body in the form of urine. This process is critical for maintaining the body's fluid balance, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure. The kidneys also produce hormones that help to regulate red blood cell production and bone metabolism. The kidneys play an important role in removing toxins and waste products from the body. Every day, the kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to remove waste products such as urea, creatinine, and excess electrolytes. These waste products are excreted from the body through the urine. In addition to filtering waste products, the kidneys help to regulate the body's fluid and electrolyte

Introduction Cancer is a complex and devastating disease that can spread to different parts of the body, including the bones. Bone metastasis, also known as bone mets, occurs when cancer cells from a primary tumor site travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system and establish new growth in the bones. Bone metastasis can occur in various types of cancer, such as breast, lung, prostate, and kidney cancer, among others. In this article, we will delve into the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for bone metastasis. Causes of Bone Metastasis Bone metastasis can occur when cancer cells from a primary tumor site break away and travel to the bones through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Once in the bones, these cancer cells can multiply and form new tumor growth, disrupting the normal structure and function of the bones. Several factors can contribute to the development of bone metastasis, including: Primary Cancer Certain types of cancer are more likely to metastasize to the