Journal Series

The area of the field that deals with infants and children are pediatric neurosurgery. As was already established, the pediatric neurosurgeon spends a significant amount of time treating hydrocephalus. Treatment of additional congenital malformations, neurotrauma, functional issues like spasticity and epilepsy, children's cerebrovascular illnesses, brain tumors, and congenital deformities of the spine and spinal cord are also addressed by pediatric neurosurgery.  A larger head circumference, full and tense fontanelles, and wider cranial sutures are signs of hydrocephalus in neonates. The child may exhibit poor eating and lethargy, as well as extraocular anomalies that impair upgaze. Using CT, MRI, or ultrasound, a diagnosis is made. Infants and babies with hydrocephalus may be born with it or develop it later in life. Acquired hydrocephalus typically communicates, but congenital hydrocephalus is typically obstructive. Prematurity or post-infection (meningitis, intrauterine toxoplas...

Surgery performed on the heart or major blood vessels is referred to as cardiac surgery, sometimes known as cardiovascular surgery. It is widely used to treat ischemic heart disease's aftereffects as well as congenital heart disease, and valvular heart disease from a variety of causes, including endocarditis. Heart transplants are also a component of it. Jean Larrey (1810), Henry Dalton (1891), and Daniel Hale Williams (1891) were the first surgeons to operate on the pericardium (1893). Axel Cappelen performed the first operation on the actual heart on September 4, 1895, at Rikshospitalet in Kristiania, which is now Oslo. Types of Cardiac Surgery Open-Heart Surgery Any type of surgery in which the rib cage is opened and the heart is operated on requires a significant incision in the chest. The chest, not the heart, is what's meant by "open." The surgeon might additionally open the heart, depending on the type of operation. Dr. Wilfred G. Bigelow of the University of T...