Journal Series

Introduction Pharmacokinetics plays a vital role in comprehending the interactions between drugs and the human body. It encompasses the essential processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, collectively known as ADME. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of pharmacokinetics, shedding light on the factors that influence each phase and their impact on drug therapy. Drug Absorption Absorption is the process through which a drug enters the bloodstream from its administration site. Factors that influence drug absorption include the route of administration, drug formulation, and physicochemical properties. Oral administration is the most commonly used route, where drugs pass through the gastrointestinal tract and undergo various stages of absorption. Other routes, such as intravenous, intramuscular, and transdermal, offer different absorption profiles. A thorough understanding of these routes helps healthcare professionals optimize drug delivery f...

Abstract The potential function of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) in the induction of cadmium (Cd) stress tolerance in cyanobacteria has been well documented in the current work. To examine several physiological and biochemical parameters in this regard, Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena sp. subjected to Cd (6 M) stress were treated with H2O2 and SNP (sodium nitroprusside, NO donor). The results showed that Cd treatment decreased growth, pigment content, photosynthetic oxygen yield, and PS II photochemistry performance (increased energy flux parameters, such as ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, DIo/RC, and Fo/Fv, and decreased chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, such as Po, o, and eo). Similar to how glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity showed a reverse trend, uptake of nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-), as well as the activities of nitrate and ammonia absorbing enzymes as well as carbohydrate content, were all negatively impacted by Cd poisoning. A relatively low dose (1 M) of H...