Cardio-Renal Syndrome in N'Djamena-Chad

Introduction

Cardio-Renal Syndrome (CRS) is a pathological entity affecting the heart and kidneys during which, the acute or chronic dysfunction of one of these organs induces an acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. Its incidence in Africa, and especially in Chad, is not well known. The aim of this study was to contribute to the improvement of the management of CRS.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study including all patients aged over 18 years, hospitalized for cardiac and renal diseases between December 2018 and August 2019 in the cardiology department of the University Hospital Center la Reference National and the nephrology department of the University Hospital Center la Renaissance.

Results

Sixty-Three patients were selected for the study, representing a frequency of 25%. The average age was 58.5 ± 14.9 years. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.5. The main reasons for consultation were dyspnea (71.4?) and chest pain (38.1?). Chronic renal failure was found in 52.3% and the mean Glomerular Filtration Rate was 19.6 ml/min/m² + -18.1 ml/min/m². Electrical abnormalities were represented by repolarization disorders (60.33%), and cardiac Doppler ultrasound found left atrial dilatation in 68.3% and left ventricular dilatation in 58.7% of cases. The most predominant type of CRS was type 1 (29%) followed by type 5 (29%). The main etiologies were hypertensive cardiomyopathy (15.9%) and ischemic heart disease (12.7%). Mortality was 22.2%.

Conclusion

CRS is a real pathological entity constituting a turning point in the evolution of any heart disease and nephropathy. Its frequency and mortality in hospitals are high.


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