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694 nm red laser photons disrupt a static magnetic field and cause movement in organic paper material exposed to sunlight as proof that photons have a charge.

By 

Rachel  Haywood 

In 

Journal of Modern and Applied Physics 

(Volume 6 Issue 6)

More About Photons

It is accepted that photons, as they are represented by particle and wave theories, do not have mass, charge, or are not affected by a magnetic field. Hair containing melanin was exposed to a 694 nm laser during electron spin resonance tests. While observing laser-induced radical production in a time-scan in a constant magnetic field, a "off-resonance" at laser firing was discovered. Coherent photons were thought to interact with the magnetic field. Despite the hair melting in subsequent field scans, the radical.

About Melanin

Melanin, in the solid state in hair, does not exhibit temperature-dependent paramagnetism. 4.3 – 9.8 x 1018 photons in 1.2 – 2.7 J per pulse impact a 1.8 x 10-5 m2 hair surface area, and a mean 72% ‘off resonance’ signal drop is determined from the time-scan, which translates to a field-shift of 4 G or 4 x 10-4 T. This is the same order of magnitude of hyperfine couplings, or field-shifts for absorption, due to proton nuclei (spin½) in the vicinity of the unpaired electron of the melanin radical. If the pulse is point charge (Nphotons. qphoton) impacting the solid hair surface area at the speed of light c, qphoton is 9.2 x 10-31 coulombs and q/e 5.8 x 10-12. The ESR observation is proposed to be a spin-coupling of photons with charge and magnetism, with melanin radical unpaired electrons during the laser pulse. That photons carry charge is corroborated by repulsive movements observed between square paper pieces, comprising starch-based organic polymers, placed edges together within a plastic wallet and exposed to 4h+ sunlight. Movement is not detected in comparable experiments with heat alone.

It is accepted that photons possess momentum but zero rest mass. In a review published in 2005, the authors conclude that photon mass is mathematically feasible, but conclusive experimental evidence was lacking. These authors also stated that the failure to measure a rest mass of the photon does not prove its non-existence, and there are situations where the rest mass could be finite, for example when photons are moving slowly in solid media. The photon is described by wave and particle theories. The particle nature is suggested by the discrete energies of photons and quantized interaction with the matter according to the relation (where h is Planck’s constant and is the radiation frequency).

The effects of reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference are better understood in terms of wave theory. According to the widely held theory, a photon does not have mass, a charge, or a magnetic field that can deflect it. Given the sun's immense energy and the possibility of greater energy exploitation if photons carry the charge, the issue of photon charge and mass is crucial. Einstein's belief that a photon traveling at the speed of light would have a mathematically infinite mass appear to be at the center of the debate. Zero rest mass is also predicted by the theory.

Photon Mass Challenges Einstein’s Theory 

The latter is more straightforward to address, in that it could be that photons do not come to rest but are always in a state of motion or absorption by matter. Photon mass challenges Einstein’s theory. It is not the purpose of this article to address this in detail, but the point can be made that a paradigm can be challenged. That light bends in a gravitational field could be accounted for by a charge and mass theory of the photon. The nature of gravitation itself could also be addressed in a different way, if the force of attraction between masses is an extension of the collective attraction of all the protons in two massive bodies for all the electrons in their collective orbits. This is analogous to the weak Van der Waals forces which hold together molecules in a solid.

The inverse square law of electrostatic attraction between positive and negative charge is similar to the inverse square law of gravitational attraction. The goal of this discussion is to clarify the physical significance of an experimental finding that might imply charge is carried by photons.

A human hair sample that was placed within the ESR spectrometer's cavity was exposed to a 694nm ruby laser during a series of electron-spin-resonance (ESR) studies. A brief "off-resonance" was noticed. This happened while a continuous magnetic field was used to scan through time while watching the radical.

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